ABSTRACT
Background: Data are scarce on differences in the rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection after the first infection. Aims: We examined nationwide data on SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in Kuwait according to four-time windows to reinfection: 29-45 days, 46-60 days, 61-90 days, and ≥ 91 days. Methods: This was a population-level retrospective cohort study conducted between 31 March 2020 and 31 March 2021. We reviewed evidence of second positive RT-PCR test results for those who had previously recovered from COVID-19 and tested negative. Results: Reinfection rates were: 0.52% for reinfection window 29-45 days, 0.36% for 45-60 days, 0.29% for 61-90 days, and 0.20% for ≥ 91 days. The mean age (standard deviation [SD]) of individuals with the shortest reinfection time interval (29-45 days) was significantly older than the mean age of all other groups - 43.3 years (SD 17.5) compared with: 39.0 years (SD 16.5), P = 0.037 for 46-60-day interval; 38.3 years (SD 16.5), P = 0.002 for 61-90-day interval; and 39.2 years (SD 14.4), P = 0.001 for ≥ 91-days interval. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was uncommon among this adult population. Older age was associated with a shorter time to reinfection.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , Adult , Infant , Kuwait/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Reinfection/epidemiology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Some reports have discussed the development of a new entity called vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia after COVID-19 vaccination. In this case series, we are describing four patients who have developed lupus anticoagulant-associated venous thromboembolism after Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. All were COVID-19 negative on admission. Three had developed thrombosis after the first dose and one after the second dose of vaccination. All of them had venous thrombosis. Three patients developed thrombosis 2 weeks after vaccination and the fourth patient had developed thrombosis after 3 weeks of vaccination. None of the patients had thrombocytopenia on or during admission as seen in the case of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. All patients had positive lupus anticoagulant and negative anticardiolipin antibodies and antibeta2 glycoprotein I. All of them were stable on discharge and were treated with low molecular weight heparin followed by warfarin. We suggest the presence of a possible link between the development of antiphospholipid antibodies and COVID-19 vaccine that requires further assessment.
Subject(s)
BNT162 Vaccine/adverse effects , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/adverse effects , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/chemically induced , Vaccination/adverse effects , Adult , BNT162 Vaccine/administration & dosage , BNT162 Vaccine/immunology , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/administration & dosage , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/immunology , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/blood , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/immunology , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/therapy , Recurrence , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Data regarding thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccination are scarce. METHODS: Clinical and laboratory data were collected from all patients who developed thrombosis within 4 weeks of receiving the Pfizer or Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine. None had a COVID-19-positive swab. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were included, with average age of 48.8 years and equal proportion of females to males. Our data suggest that thrombosis occurred in 1 in 163,000 of all individuals who had received any dose of any type of COVID-19 vaccine: six (1 in 123,000) patients after the first dose of Oxford/AstraZeneca, none after the second dose of Oxford/AstraZeneca, four (1 in 257,000) patients after the first dose of the Pfizer vaccine, and seven (1 in 102,000) patients after the second dose of Pfizer vaccine. Three of 17 patients with thrombosis (17.6%) died. CONCLUSIONS: We believe this report to be one of the earliest in the literature to address the question of whether isolated thrombosis is a possible complication of COVID-19 vaccination.